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Zenkoku Kenkomi .JAPAN
National Kenkomi Architectural Design Institute
World Architectural History III
Diverse society (architect-centered architecture)
Postmodernist architecture Deconstructivist architecture Reductionist architecture
～ The beginning of the 3rd architecture ～
Chapter 5 Regionalism
Architecture that incorporates the climate and cultural context into the design, taking advantage of the local identity. There is no particular common style. As a reactionary movement to internationalism that was popular in the first half of the 20th century, it can be regarded as a movement that occurred in the latter half of the 20th century. These are not simple binary oppositions, but are complementary and multi-layered, which is also a feature found in urban duplication .
International regionalism may be considered to be in conflict with globalism and nationalism. Since globalism is in a position to pursue the interests of the earth or the world as a whole, the range of interests pursued by regionalism is too narrow. It is because of the understanding that the range of profits to be made is too wide.
◆◆ Catalan National Movement
The idea of modern Catalan regionalism began in 1952 with the formation of Group R (a group in Barcelona). They are against centralism. There was also a desire to return to prewar rationalism.
◆ Casa Borsalino
■ Casa Borsalino
Milanese architect and designer Ignazio Gardella (1905-1999) is one of the best representatives of modern and rational movement architecture in Italy, and has inspired various architectures such as JA's work. It is one of the biggest sources. Spanish Coderch or Cubillo from the 50's or 60's. Always sensitive to changes and changes in architecture over the years, it sits between the value of traditional architectural concepts and techniques and the trends of contemporary architecture. Gardella's work stands out in the application of rationalist models in terms of establishing a balance between programs, locations, project structures and formalizations.
It was closely related to the residential complex in the Mangiagalli district made in Franco Albini, and resonated with works such as the Casa de la Marina Decoder in Barcelona. The house in Bolsarino, Alessandria, represents the most famous exercise by the Italian master for resolving the relationship between the environment and place where it is located, assimilating the need for a house, and formal definition of the whole. ..
With a total of 8 stories, 32 dwellings, 2nd floor and landing, the initial volume of 2 pure rational blocks, with the introduction of staircase terraces, in relation to the location and orientation of those cities, to promote dependencies. It will be excavated. It faces outwards and mainly defines a vertical composition. Thus, the north and south façades differ in both composition and city location, one related to the countryside and the other to the city. Produces two differentiated formal languages.
Construction of the brick block is completed with a 2-meter concrete ribbed cantilever. It is supported by girders and recedes in staircase situations, producing readings close to 3 units.
◆ JA Koderk
■ LA BARCELONETA Residential Building
Traditional shutters, vertical windows and deep eaves.
◆◆ "mosquito Tarunya regionalism"
The idea of modern Catalan regionalism began in 1952 with the formation of Group R (a group in Barcelona). They are against centralism. There was also a desire to return to prewar rationalism.
◆ Ricardo Bofill
■ Nicaragua Apartment Building
"This eight-story apartment is located on a small corner site on Nicaragua Street in the typical Barcelona district. The characteristics of the site (corner location, party walls on both sides, facing north) are mostly the result. The form has been decided. The program was to design a building with 30% shops and offices on the ground floor and ground floor (under the government-sponsored rent management housing bill). The apartment unit is the area. The average of 75 square meters. Penthouse apartments are 150 square meters with a custom-made program. Invented on three levels, it includes a landscape terrace and swimming pool on the top floor. A fairly large open patio Designed to provide light and cross-ventilation to the bedrooms and stairs. The facade is closed to the north and instead opens to the east and west, avoiding adverse orientations, as well as buildings on the opposite corner. Presenting the facade to, thus looking at the streets on both sides. A significant amount of light is thereby concentrated inside.
This project represents a time when Spain's industrialized construction opportunities were very scarce. However, the disappearance of the classically constructed façade, the sophistication of ample space, the endless formalism that produced excellent results in both façade design using local materials such as bricks and ironwork and the interior of the apartment. We have achieved a variety of goals, including certain purely aesthetic studies that offer great potential. The building won the FAD Architecture Award in 1964. (Text: ricardobofill.com )
◆ Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
Ricardo Bofill Taller de Architectura (RBTA) is a Spanish construction company founded in 1963. Headquartered in Barcelona's rediversified cement plant, it is called "La Fabrica". El Taller is made up of a diverse team of architects, city planners, graphic designers and economists from more than 20 countries. To date, the company has more than 1000 projects in more than 40 countries. "The company proposed a space that violates the cultural, social and architectural norms of the time, while restoring the characteristic craftsmanship of traditional Catalan architecture ( Catalonia monism). Ricardo Bofil Taller de Architectura sought to solve local city planning problems in the political and social context of Spain. Standardized modernism for the mass reconstruction of post-WWII housing and city planning schemes. In the context of method and use, El Taller's work differs from the standard approach defined by the Congress Internation O de Architecture Modern (CIAM). The need to approach large projects. , El Taller led to devising a raised yet organic method, based on the geometric formation of the elements of the universe. "
■ Sanadú Xanadú
■ Walden 7
Walden 7 is a project that implements some of Ricardo Bofill's early ambitions and addresses most of the problems of modern urban life. It is in the same parcel as the Taller de Arquitectura, based on the renovated ruins of an old cement factory. Residential structures benefit from Bofill's previous research and the idea that residents provide public spaces and gardens to improve their quality of life. The building consists of a group of 14-story apartments grouped around five courtyards, above which are two pools. With a few exceptions, each apartment faces both the outside and the courtyard. At some levels, there is a complex system of bridges and balconies for access, creating stunning views and enclosures. The exterior looks like a huge fortress painted completely red. It is open to the outside through large overtures such as several-story urban windows. The courtyard is vibrant due to its strong appearance, which is based on blue, purple and yellow. The courtyard at the entrance of the building is an extension of the street and a plaza that is open to residents. The composition of the space is diverse. The units consist of various combinations of 30 square meters of units distributed on the first or second floor. Residences range from single module studios to four module apartments. The most interesting aspect of the project is the atypical approach to residential blocks. Eighteen towers, seven courtyards, a modular but unsystematic grid, and vast public spaces create a vertical maze with no repeatability or uniformity.
Other organic architecture
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